Singapore Malay
Malay is an Austronesian language spoken in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Malay is highly mutually intellgible with Indonesian.
Ethnologue link WALS link
These are the general properties of Malay tough constructions:
Completed questionnaire for Malay
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Ethnologue link WALS link
These are the general properties of Malay tough constructions:
- Has both expletive and moved variants of tough constructions - Main indicators: word order and morphology in embedded clause.
- Typologically Rare: Embedded clause in movement variant must have passive marking whereas embedded clause in expletive variant is active.
- The direct object gap cannot be in a clause embedded under a convince-type verb
- Variant with movement and expletive variant are both incompatible with subject-oriented adverbials.
- Does not allow dative PP between matrix predicate and embedded clause.
- Negation indicates that embedded clause in movement variant is at most a vP.
- Has verbal tough predicate constructions.
Completed questionnaire for Malay
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